An examination of the effect of Google Glass on simulated lane keeping performance

Head or helmet mounted displays, such as Google Glass, have the ability to deliver many features of a smartphone in a hands-free, wearable unit. Their use in various contexts including driving has, however, raised concerns about the possibility of distraction. This study aimed to examine whether, and to what extent, simulated lane keeping performance is affected by reading messages on Google Glass. Reading text messages requires a high level of visual resources and can interfere with driving. However, it is currently unclear if the impact of reading text messages on a head-mounted display such as Glass will differ to that found with mobile phones given that drivers do not have to shift their gaze as far or make head movements away from the roadway to read messages on the Glass. A total of 20 drivers (22-48 yrs) completed the Lane Change Test while not performing any secondary task and while reading text messages on Glass or a smartphone. Measures of lateral vehicle control were examined along with subjective workload. Results revealed that drivers’ lane keeping ability was significantly impaired by reading text messages on both the Glass and the mobile phone. In terms of subjective workload, drivers rated reading on the Glass as subjectively easier than on the mobile phone, primarily because they did not have to shift their gaze as far to read on the Glass. Overall, the study results suggest that, despite the Glass allowing drivers to maintain their visual focus on the forward scene, drivers are unable to effectively divide their attention across the Glass display and the road environment, resulting in impaired lane keeping performance.