TY - JOUR
T1 - Ambient PM2.5 and productivity-adjusted life years lost in Brazil
T2 - a national population-based study
AU - Wen, Bo
AU - Ademi, Zanfina
AU - Wu, Yao
AU - Xu, Rongbin
AU - Yu, Pei
AU - Ye, Tingting
AU - Coêlho, Micheline de Sousa Zanotti Stagliorio
AU - Saldiva, Paulo Hilario Nascimento
AU - Li, Shanshan
A2 - Guo, Yuming
N1 - Funding Information:
This study was supported by the Australian Research Council ( DP210102076 ), and Australian National Health and Medical Research Council ( GNT2000581 ). BW, YW, and YT were supported by China Scholarship Council [grant number 202006010043 , 202006010044 , and 201906320051 ]. PY was supported by Monash Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Science (FMNHS) Early Career Postdoctoral Fellowships 2023 . RX was supported by VicHealth Postdoctoral Research Fellowships 2022 . SL was supported by an Emerging Leader Fellowship of the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council ( GNT2009866 ). YG was supported by Career Development Fellowship ( GNT1163693 ) and Leader Fellowship ( GNT2008813 ) of the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council. ZA was supported by the National Health and Medical Research Council ( GNT 2012582 ). PHNS was supported by the FAPESP /Brazil. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Funding Information:
This study was supported by the Australian Research Council (DP210102076), and Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (GNT2000581). BW, YW, and YT were supported by China Scholarship Council [grant number 202006010043, 202006010044, and 201906320051]. PY was supported by Monash Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Science (FMNHS) Early Career Postdoctoral Fellowships 2023. RX was supported by VicHealth Postdoctoral Research Fellowships 2022. SL was supported by an Emerging Leader Fellowship of the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (GNT2009866). YG was supported by Career Development Fellowship (GNT1163693) and Leader Fellowship (GNT2008813) of the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council. ZA was supported by the National Health and Medical Research Council (GNT 2012582). PHNS was supported by the FAPESP/Brazil. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2024 The Authors
PY - 2024/4/5
Y1 - 2024/4/5
N2 - Enormous health burden has been associated with air pollution and its effects continue to grow. However, the impact of air pollution on labour productivity at the population level is still unknown. This study assessed the association between premature death due to PM2.5 exposure and the loss of productivity-adjusted life years (PALYs), in Brazil. We applied a novel variant of the difference-in-difference (DID) approach to assess the association. Daily all-cause mortality data in Brazil were collected from 2000–2019. The PALYs lost increased by 5.11% (95% CI: 4.10–6.13%), for every 10 µg/m3 increase in the 2-day moving average of PM2.5. A total of 9,219,995 (95% CI: 7,491,634–10,921,141) PALYs lost and US$ 268.05 (95% CI: 217.82–317.50) billion economic costs were attributed to PM2.5 exposure, corresponding to 7.37% (95% CI: 5.99–8.73%) of the total PALYs lost due to premature death. This study also found that 5,005,306 PALYs could be avoided if the World Health Organization (WHO) air quality guideline (AQG) level was met. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that ambient PM2.5 exposure is associated with a considerable labour productivity burden relating to premature death in Brazil, while over half of the burden could be prevented if the WHO AQG was met. The findings highlight the need to reduce ambient PM2.5 levels and provide strong evidence for the development of strategies to mitigate the economic impacts of air pollution.
AB - Enormous health burden has been associated with air pollution and its effects continue to grow. However, the impact of air pollution on labour productivity at the population level is still unknown. This study assessed the association between premature death due to PM2.5 exposure and the loss of productivity-adjusted life years (PALYs), in Brazil. We applied a novel variant of the difference-in-difference (DID) approach to assess the association. Daily all-cause mortality data in Brazil were collected from 2000–2019. The PALYs lost increased by 5.11% (95% CI: 4.10–6.13%), for every 10 µg/m3 increase in the 2-day moving average of PM2.5. A total of 9,219,995 (95% CI: 7,491,634–10,921,141) PALYs lost and US$ 268.05 (95% CI: 217.82–317.50) billion economic costs were attributed to PM2.5 exposure, corresponding to 7.37% (95% CI: 5.99–8.73%) of the total PALYs lost due to premature death. This study also found that 5,005,306 PALYs could be avoided if the World Health Organization (WHO) air quality guideline (AQG) level was met. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that ambient PM2.5 exposure is associated with a considerable labour productivity burden relating to premature death in Brazil, while over half of the burden could be prevented if the WHO AQG was met. The findings highlight the need to reduce ambient PM2.5 levels and provide strong evidence for the development of strategies to mitigate the economic impacts of air pollution.
KW - Economic cost
KW - Labour productivity
KW - Mortality
KW - PM
KW - Productivity-adjusted life year (PALY)
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85184914576&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133676
DO - 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133676
M3 - Article
C2 - 38354440
AN - SCOPUS:85184914576
SN - 0304-3894
VL - 467
JO - Journal of Hazardous Materials
JF - Journal of Hazardous Materials
M1 - 133676
ER -