Adverse cardiometabolic effect in bilateral/unilateral oophorectomy versus natural menopause: Results of over a decade follow-up among Iranian women

Background: To compare metabolic changes in 3 groups of postmenopausal women: those who had undergone bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy + hysterectomy (BSO + H), those with hysterectomy ± unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (H ± USO), and those who reached natural menopause during follow-up. Methods: This longitudinal study was performed on 543 female participants of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS) who experienced surgical menopause (BSO + H or H ± USO) or natural menopause over a 12-year period. During the follow-up period, changes in metabolic and biochemical profiles were compared between surgically and naturally menopausal women (NMW). In all groups, data was collected using questionnaires twice, at baseline and again after 3 years. Results: Considering the women with natural menopause as the reference group, the odds ratio of metabolic syndrome was 5.0 in the surgically menopause due to BSO + H. Mean fasting blood glucose was also significantly higher in the H ± USO group, compared to the naturally menopausal, after adjustment for confounding variables. Conclusion: The incidence of metabolic syndrome in the BSO + H group and that of fasting blood glucose in the H ± USO group were higher than NMW.