TY - JOUR
T1 - Adverse associations of car time with markers of cardio-metabolic risk
AU - Sugiyama, Takemi
AU - Wijndaele, Katrien
AU - Koohsari, Mohammad Javad
AU - Tanamas, Stephanie K.
AU - Dunstan, David W.
AU - Owen, Neville
PY - 2016/2/1
Y1 - 2016/2/1
N2 - Objective: To examine associations of time spent sitting in cars with markers of cardio-metabolic risk in Australian adults. Method: Data were from 2800 participants (age range: 34-65) in the 2011-12 Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle Study. Self-reported time spent in cars was categorized into four groups: ≤ 15. min/day; >. 15 to ≤ 30. min/day; > 30 to ≤ 60 min/day; and > 60. min/day. Markers of cardio-metabolic risk were body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, triglycerides, HDL (high-density lipoprotein)-cholesterol, fasting plasma glucose, 2-h plasma glucose, a clustered cardio-metabolic risk score, and having the metabolic syndrome or not. Multilevel linear and logistic regression analyses examined associations of car time with each cardio-metabolic risk outcome, adjusting for socio-demographic and behavioral variables and medication use for blood pressure and cholesterol/triglycerides. Results: Compared to spending 15. min/day or less in cars, spending more than 1. h/day in cars was significantly associated with higher BMI, waist circumference, fasting plasma glucose, and clustered cardio-metabolic risk, after adjusting for socio-demographic attributes and potentially relevant behaviors including leisure-time physical activity and dietary intake. Gender interactions showed car time to be associated with higher BMI in men only. Conclusions: Prolonged time spent sitting in cars, in particular over 1. h/day, was associated with higher total and central adiposity and a more-adverse cardio-metabolic risk profile. Further studies, ideally using objective measures of sitting time in cars and prospective designs, are needed to confirm the impact of car use on cardio-metabolic disease risk.
AB - Objective: To examine associations of time spent sitting in cars with markers of cardio-metabolic risk in Australian adults. Method: Data were from 2800 participants (age range: 34-65) in the 2011-12 Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle Study. Self-reported time spent in cars was categorized into four groups: ≤ 15. min/day; >. 15 to ≤ 30. min/day; > 30 to ≤ 60 min/day; and > 60. min/day. Markers of cardio-metabolic risk were body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, triglycerides, HDL (high-density lipoprotein)-cholesterol, fasting plasma glucose, 2-h plasma glucose, a clustered cardio-metabolic risk score, and having the metabolic syndrome or not. Multilevel linear and logistic regression analyses examined associations of car time with each cardio-metabolic risk outcome, adjusting for socio-demographic and behavioral variables and medication use for blood pressure and cholesterol/triglycerides. Results: Compared to spending 15. min/day or less in cars, spending more than 1. h/day in cars was significantly associated with higher BMI, waist circumference, fasting plasma glucose, and clustered cardio-metabolic risk, after adjusting for socio-demographic attributes and potentially relevant behaviors including leisure-time physical activity and dietary intake. Gender interactions showed car time to be associated with higher BMI in men only. Conclusions: Prolonged time spent sitting in cars, in particular over 1. h/day, was associated with higher total and central adiposity and a more-adverse cardio-metabolic risk profile. Further studies, ideally using objective measures of sitting time in cars and prospective designs, are needed to confirm the impact of car use on cardio-metabolic disease risk.
KW - Adiposity
KW - Automobile
KW - Motorized transport
KW - Sedentary behavior
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84949647940&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.ypmed.2015.11.029
DO - 10.1016/j.ypmed.2015.11.029
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:84949647940
SN - 0091-7435
VL - 83
SP - 26
EP - 30
JO - Preventive Medicine
JF - Preventive Medicine
ER -