Advances towards synthetic machines at the molecular and nanoscale level

The fabrication of increasingly smaller machines to the nanometer scale can be achieved by either a top-down or bottom-up approach. While the former is reaching its limits of resolution, the latter is showing promise for the assembly of molecular components, in a comparable approach to natural systems, to produce functioning ensembles in a controlled and predetermined manner. In this review we focus on recent progress in molecular systems that act as molecular machine prototypes such as switches, motors, vehicles and logic operators.