A simple technique for performing evaporation of quaterthiophene below the melting temperature for vapour phase polymerisation and physical vapour deposition

By adjusting the molecular ordering of the evaporant used for vapour deposition, anappreciable evaporant partial pressure was achieved at temperatures far below the evaporant melting temperature with evaporation occurring over 100 below the melting temperature. The molecular ordering was adjusted by dissolving or dispersing the evaporant (MW > 300) in an ionic liquid or a high MWnon-vaporisable polymer (MW 20 000).