TY - JOUR
T1 - A review and empirical comparison of motivation scoring methods
T2 - an application to self-determination theory
AU - Howard, Joshua L.
AU - Gagné, Marylène
AU - Van den Broeck, Anja
AU - Guay, Frédéric
AU - Chatzisarantis, Nikos
AU - Ntoumanis, Nikos
AU - Pelletier, Luc G.
PY - 2020
Y1 - 2020
N2 - Self-determination Theory differentiates various types of motivation, each of which have different consequences for well-being and behavior. Despite broad agreement concerning the nature of different types of motivation, numerous scoring methods, each of which rely on different assumptions, are commonly practiced. These practices range from a relative autonomy index that collapses all types of motivation into a single index, higher-order models grouping subscales into a two-factor solution, to multi-factorial approaches examining all motivation types as separate constructs. Existing evidence has not empirically compared these methods or clearly favored the use of one over another. We review each method and further investigate the advantages and disadvantages of each approach by directly comparing a range of commonly utilized scoring methods, as well as recently developed methods across six independent samples from various life domains to determine their effectiveness. Results generally favor multidimensional methods (e.g., exploratory structural equation modeling, B-ESEM, and CFA) as more comprehensive scoring practices as they maximize construct relevant information. However, selection of an ideal method will rely on theoretical congruence between methodology and research questions.
AB - Self-determination Theory differentiates various types of motivation, each of which have different consequences for well-being and behavior. Despite broad agreement concerning the nature of different types of motivation, numerous scoring methods, each of which rely on different assumptions, are commonly practiced. These practices range from a relative autonomy index that collapses all types of motivation into a single index, higher-order models grouping subscales into a two-factor solution, to multi-factorial approaches examining all motivation types as separate constructs. Existing evidence has not empirically compared these methods or clearly favored the use of one over another. We review each method and further investigate the advantages and disadvantages of each approach by directly comparing a range of commonly utilized scoring methods, as well as recently developed methods across six independent samples from various life domains to determine their effectiveness. Results generally favor multidimensional methods (e.g., exploratory structural equation modeling, B-ESEM, and CFA) as more comprehensive scoring practices as they maximize construct relevant information. However, selection of an ideal method will rely on theoretical congruence between methodology and research questions.
KW - Bifactor
KW - ESEM
KW - Higher-order
KW - Motivation
KW - RAI
KW - Self-determination theory
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85083843034&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s11031-020-09831-9
DO - 10.1007/s11031-020-09831-9
M3 - Review Article
AN - SCOPUS:85083843034
SN - 0146-7239
VL - 44
SP - 534
EP - 548
JO - Motivation and Emotion
JF - Motivation and Emotion
ER -