A novel unknown input observer-based optimal load frequency control for smart power systems considering EV and DR participation

A new decentralized load frequency control (LFC) scheme based on the concept of dynamic state estimation is proposed in this paper. The suggested novel, scheme makes use of an efficient deterministic state estimator, known as unknown input observe (UIO) utilized in each area-control for online observing of the dynamic states of the system. To achieve a decentralized approach, the demand and transferred power among areas are considered as unknown inputs to the power system operators. Then, the optimal control theory is adopted to control the frequency deviation in each area which is designed based on the observed dynamic states. An interconnected power system with four-areas is used to verify the applicability of the proposed scheme, while the robustness, accuracy, and superiority of the proposed method is shown by several comparisons with other methods recently published in literature.