A multi-objective planning for fast-charging station and distributed renewable resource under environmental impacts

Environmental impact of the transportation system has been attracting a lot of attention. As an importation method to mitigate air pollution, the number of electric vehicles (EVs) has been increasing in the past decades, which leads to many research works focus on fast-charging station (FCS) planning for drive range limitation of EVs. However, many research works founded that much air pollution is created by EVs that use fast-charging services compared with internal combustion engineer vehicles (ICV) if there is not enough renewable energy usage. In this paper, a methodology is implemented on the joint fast-charging stations and distributed renewable resource integration planning coupled the transportation and power distribution networks. The methodology is based on a multi-objective integer planning model that determines the siting and sizing of: 1) FCS; 2) Photovoltaic (PV) distributed generation on the power distribution network and 3) wind turbine distributed generation on power distribution power. Also, several significant factors such as EVs drive range constraints, PDN operation security, reliability, and different kinds of air pollutants are considered. To make sure of the feasibility and practicality of the methodology, numerical experiments are conducted.