TY - JOUR
T1 - A holistic treatment system for palm oil mill effluent by incorporating the anaerobic-aerobic-wetland sequential system and a convective sludge dryer
AU - Ahmad Farid, Mohammed Abdillah
AU - Zakaria, Mohd Rafein
AU - Hassan, Mohd Ali
AU - Mohd Ali, Ahmad Amiruddin
AU - Othman, Mohd Ridzuan
AU - Ibrahim, Izzudin
AU - Samsudin, Mohd Hafif
AU - Shirai, Yoshihito
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was partly supported by the Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development ( SATREPS ), organized by the Japan Science and Technology Agency ( JST ) and the Japan International Cooperation Agency ( JICA ), under the leadership of Prof. Yoshihito Shirai at the Kyushu Institute of Technology, Japan. The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support from the Malaysian Higher Education Ministry and the Universiti Putra Malaysia Graduate Research Fund (GRF).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 Elsevier B.V.
PY - 2019/8/1
Y1 - 2019/8/1
N2 - An integrated treatment system which incorporated an anaerobic-aerobic-wetland sequential system (AAWSS) and a convective sludge dryer (CSD) was established to treat highly polluting palm oil mill effluent (POME) in a shorter retention period and with a smaller area requirement. Before actual treatment, a start-up operation was performed to achieve optimal degradation performance. The strategy involved a stepwise feeding from 0.2 to 1 m3 d−1 at three day intervals for 15 days. During the operation, the lowest hydraulic retention time of 21 days was achieved and the biogas production was gradually increased from 1442 to 11,028 kg d−1with the increase of organic loads from 0.46 to 2.2 kg m−3 d−1. COD, VSS and VFA were almost completely (99%) removed, whereas the average percentage removals of SS and TN were 96% and 72%, respectively. To demonstrate the plant's robustness in treating POME, the AAWSS was proceeded with a 360 days operation. A slight deterioration in COD and SS removals were observed from day 225 to day 265 due to an organic shock load. One unanticipated finding was that the AAWSS regained its stability shortly thereafter thus ensuring consistency of the treatment performance for long-term use. Further treatment with CSD was designed to produce a clear effluent that surpassed the industrial effluent discharge limits at low-cost. By referring to mass balance, the production efficiency achieved 95% condensate yield, leaving 7% concentrate and 2% dewatered solids as byproducts.
AB - An integrated treatment system which incorporated an anaerobic-aerobic-wetland sequential system (AAWSS) and a convective sludge dryer (CSD) was established to treat highly polluting palm oil mill effluent (POME) in a shorter retention period and with a smaller area requirement. Before actual treatment, a start-up operation was performed to achieve optimal degradation performance. The strategy involved a stepwise feeding from 0.2 to 1 m3 d−1 at three day intervals for 15 days. During the operation, the lowest hydraulic retention time of 21 days was achieved and the biogas production was gradually increased from 1442 to 11,028 kg d−1with the increase of organic loads from 0.46 to 2.2 kg m−3 d−1. COD, VSS and VFA were almost completely (99%) removed, whereas the average percentage removals of SS and TN were 96% and 72%, respectively. To demonstrate the plant's robustness in treating POME, the AAWSS was proceeded with a 360 days operation. A slight deterioration in COD and SS removals were observed from day 225 to day 265 due to an organic shock load. One unanticipated finding was that the AAWSS regained its stability shortly thereafter thus ensuring consistency of the treatment performance for long-term use. Further treatment with CSD was designed to produce a clear effluent that surpassed the industrial effluent discharge limits at low-cost. By referring to mass balance, the production efficiency achieved 95% condensate yield, leaving 7% concentrate and 2% dewatered solids as byproducts.
KW - Anaerobic-aerobic treatment
KW - Convective drying system
KW - Integrated wastewater system
KW - POME
KW - Wetland
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85062612198&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.cej.2019.03.033
DO - 10.1016/j.cej.2019.03.033
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85062612198
SN - 1385-8947
VL - 369
SP - 195
EP - 204
JO - Chemical Engineering Journal
JF - Chemical Engineering Journal
ER -