TY - JOUR
T1 - A critical review on operation and performance of source water control strategies for cyanobacterial blooms
T2 - Part I-chemical control methods
AU - Kibuye, Faith A.
AU - Zamyadi, Arash
AU - Wert, Eric C.
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was funded by the Water Research Foundation (WRF) project # 4912. The authors would like to thank the WRF 4912 Project Manager, Erin Swanson, Ph.D. Project Advisory Committee (PAC) Members (Michael Burch, William Taylor, Eva Nieminski, Nick Burns, Peter Zhou) and project team members (Ron Hofmann, Virginie Gaget, Chris Owen, Husein Almuhtaram, Suraj Ajjampur, and Taylor Musarra) for their contribution and valuable discussion. This paper is dedicated to the memory of Dr. Djanette Khiari (Project Manager with Water Research Foundation), who provided thoughtful comments, expertise, and encouragement throughout the project. The authors acknowledge support from IMPAKT Scientifik for creating the figures, following their specifications.
Funding Information:
This work was funded by the Water Research Foundation (WRF) project # 4912. The authors would like to thank the WRF 4912 Project Manager, Erin Swanson, Ph.D., Project Advisory Committee (PAC) Members (Michael Burch, William Taylor, Eva Nieminski, Nick Burns, Peter Zhou) and project team members (Ron Hofmann, Virginie Gaget, Chris Owen, Husein Almuhtaram, Suraj Ajjampur, and Taylor Musarra) for their contribution and valuable discussion. This paper is dedicated to the memory of Dr. Djanette Khiari (Project Manager with Water Research Foundation), who provided thoughtful comments, expertise, and encouragement throughout the project. The authors acknowledge support from IMPAKT Scientifik for creating the figures, following their specifications.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021
PY - 2021/11
Y1 - 2021/11
N2 - Cyanobacterial blooms produce nuisance metabolites (e.g., cyanotoxins and T&O compounds) thereby posing water quality management issues for aquatic sources used for potable water production, aquaculture, and recreation. A variety of in-lake/reservoir control measures are implemented to reduce the abundance of nuisance cyanobacteria biomass or decrease the amount of available phosphorous (P). This paper critically reviews the chemical control strategies implemented for in-lake/reservoir management of cyanobacterial blooms, i.e., algaecides and nutrient sequestering coagulants/flocculants, by highlighting (i) their mode of action, (ii) cases of successful and unsuccessful treatment, (iii) and factors influencing performance (e.g., water quality, process control techniques, source water characteristics, etc.). Algaecides generally result in immediate improvements in water quality and offer selective cyanobacterial control when peroxide-based alagecides are used. However, they have a range of limitations: causing cell lysis and release of cyanotoxins, posing negative impacts on aquatic plants and animals, leaving behind environmentally relevant treatment residuals (e.g., Cu in water and sediments), and offering only short-term bloom control characterized by cyanobacterial rebound. Coagulants/flocculants (alum, iron, calcium, and lanthanum bentonite) offer long-term internal nutrient control when external nutrient loading is controlled. Treatment performance is often influenced by background water quality conditions, and source water characteristics (e.g., surface area, depth, mixing regimes, and residence time). The reviewed case studies highlight that external nutrient load reduction is the most fundamental aspect of cyanobacterial control. None of the reviewed control strategies provide a comprehensive solution to cyanobacterial blooms.
AB - Cyanobacterial blooms produce nuisance metabolites (e.g., cyanotoxins and T&O compounds) thereby posing water quality management issues for aquatic sources used for potable water production, aquaculture, and recreation. A variety of in-lake/reservoir control measures are implemented to reduce the abundance of nuisance cyanobacteria biomass or decrease the amount of available phosphorous (P). This paper critically reviews the chemical control strategies implemented for in-lake/reservoir management of cyanobacterial blooms, i.e., algaecides and nutrient sequestering coagulants/flocculants, by highlighting (i) their mode of action, (ii) cases of successful and unsuccessful treatment, (iii) and factors influencing performance (e.g., water quality, process control techniques, source water characteristics, etc.). Algaecides generally result in immediate improvements in water quality and offer selective cyanobacterial control when peroxide-based alagecides are used. However, they have a range of limitations: causing cell lysis and release of cyanotoxins, posing negative impacts on aquatic plants and animals, leaving behind environmentally relevant treatment residuals (e.g., Cu in water and sediments), and offering only short-term bloom control characterized by cyanobacterial rebound. Coagulants/flocculants (alum, iron, calcium, and lanthanum bentonite) offer long-term internal nutrient control when external nutrient loading is controlled. Treatment performance is often influenced by background water quality conditions, and source water characteristics (e.g., surface area, depth, mixing regimes, and residence time). The reviewed case studies highlight that external nutrient load reduction is the most fundamental aspect of cyanobacterial control. None of the reviewed control strategies provide a comprehensive solution to cyanobacterial blooms.
KW - Algaecides
KW - Chemical control
KW - Coagulation/flocculation
KW - Cyanobacteria
KW - Cyanotoxins
KW - External nutrient management
KW - Harmful algal blooms
KW - Internal nutrient control
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85116910732
U2 - 10.1016/j.hal.2021.102099
DO - 10.1016/j.hal.2021.102099
M3 - Article
C2 - 34815017
AN - SCOPUS:85116910732
SN - 1568-9883
VL - 109
JO - Harmful Algae
JF - Harmful Algae
M1 - 102099
ER -