TY - JOUR
T1 - A competitive n-type OECT material via copolymerization of electron deficient building blocks
AU - Erhardt, Andreas
AU - Hochgesang, Adrian
AU - McNeill, Christopher R.
AU - Thelakkat, Mukundan
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors acknowledge financial support from Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) (TH 807/7‐1) and the Bavarian State Ministry for Science and Art (SolTech). The authors acknowledge the Keylab Surface and Interface Characterization of the Bavarian Polymer Institute (University of Bayreuth), Markus Hund, and Nicolas Helfricht for providing AFM measurements and support during the evaluation. This work was supported by a fellowship of the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD). The authors thank Linjing Tang for support in recording pulsed potential measurements and Wen Liang Tan for assistance during GIWAXS experiments. This work was performed in part at the SAXS/WAXS beamline at the Australian Synchrotron, part of Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO). [ 37 ]
Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 The Authors. Advanced Electronic Materials published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.
PY - 2023/7
Y1 - 2023/7
N2 - The classical acceptor motifs diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) and thienopyrrolodione (TPD) are copolymerized to yield the acceptor–acceptor polymer “Poly(DPP-TPD).” The fundamental design idea is to maximize the electron affinity (EA), thus increasing the ambient stability of the reduced state against oxygen and water while ensuring high ion compatibility through the incorporation of hydrophilic oligoethylene glycol N-substituents. Additionally, a highly planarized polymer structure is anticipated, due to the extended noncovalent interactions (conformational locking) between the carbonyl oxygen and the thiophene protons. Cyclic voltammetry, spectroelectrochemistry, ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy, and organic field effect transistor (OFET) characterization demonstrate the suitability for n-type organic electrochemical transistor (OECT) devices. High EA, ionization potential, and good electron mobility (µe(OFET)) are shown, in addition to the electrochemical reduction of polymer films in aqueous electrolyte. In n-type OECTs, poly(DPP-TPD) demonstrates a moderate threshold voltage of Vth = 0.58 V and an outstanding µC* value of 7.62 F cm−1 V−1 s−1. Cycling studies consisting of pulsed on- and off-switching of the device at gate voltages between Vg = 0.6–0.8 V in the saturation regime reveal high stability for more than 2700 cycles with rapid switching kinetics.
AB - The classical acceptor motifs diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) and thienopyrrolodione (TPD) are copolymerized to yield the acceptor–acceptor polymer “Poly(DPP-TPD).” The fundamental design idea is to maximize the electron affinity (EA), thus increasing the ambient stability of the reduced state against oxygen and water while ensuring high ion compatibility through the incorporation of hydrophilic oligoethylene glycol N-substituents. Additionally, a highly planarized polymer structure is anticipated, due to the extended noncovalent interactions (conformational locking) between the carbonyl oxygen and the thiophene protons. Cyclic voltammetry, spectroelectrochemistry, ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy, and organic field effect transistor (OFET) characterization demonstrate the suitability for n-type organic electrochemical transistor (OECT) devices. High EA, ionization potential, and good electron mobility (µe(OFET)) are shown, in addition to the electrochemical reduction of polymer films in aqueous electrolyte. In n-type OECTs, poly(DPP-TPD) demonstrates a moderate threshold voltage of Vth = 0.58 V and an outstanding µC* value of 7.62 F cm−1 V−1 s−1. Cycling studies consisting of pulsed on- and off-switching of the device at gate voltages between Vg = 0.6–0.8 V in the saturation regime reveal high stability for more than 2700 cycles with rapid switching kinetics.
KW - acceptor–acceptor
KW - bioelectronics
KW - direct arylation polymerization
KW - double acceptor polymers
KW - n-type OECT
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85154592890
U2 - 10.1002/aelm.202300026
DO - 10.1002/aelm.202300026
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85154592890
SN - 2199-160X
VL - 9
JO - Advanced Electronic Materials
JF - Advanced Electronic Materials
IS - 7
M1 - 2300026
ER -