A Comparison of the Gene Expression Profiles of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease between Animal Models of a High-Fat Diet and Methionine-Choline-Deficient Diet

Mohammed Abdullah Alshawsh, Abdulsamad Alsalahi, Salah Abdalrazak Alshehade, Sultan Ayesh Mohammed Saghir, Ahmad Faheem Ahmeda, Raghdaa Hamdan Al Zarzour, Ayman Moawad Mahmoud

Research output: Contribution to journalReview ArticleResearchpeer-review

45 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) embraces several forms of liver disorders involving fat disposition in hepatocytes ranging from simple steatosis to the severe stage, namely, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Recently, several experimental in vivo animal models for NAFLD/NASH have been established. However, no reproducible experimental animal model displays the full spectrum of pathophysiological, histological, molecular, and clinical features associated with human NAFLD/NASH progression. Although methionine-choline-deficient (MCD) diet and high-fat diet (HFD) models can mimic histological and metabolic abnormalities of human disease, respectively, the molecular signaling pathways are extremely important for understanding the pathogenesis of the disease. This review aimed to assess the differences in gene expression patterns and NAFLD/NASH progression pathways among the most common dietary animal models, i.e., HFD- and MCD diet-fed animals. Studies showed that the HFD and MCD diet could induce either up- or downregulation of the expression of genes and proteins that are involved in lipid metabolism, inflammation, oxidative stress, and fibrogenesis pathways. Interestingly, the MCD diet model could spontaneously develop liver fibrosis within two to four weeks and has significant effects on the expression of genes that encode proteins and enzymes involved in the liver fibrogenesis pathway. However, such effects in the HFD model were found to occur after 24 weeks with insulin resistance but appear to cause less severe fibrosis. In conclusion, assessing the abnormal gene expression patterns caused by different diet types provides valuable information regarding the molecular mechanisms of NAFLD/NASH and predicts the clinical progression of the disease. However, expression profiling studies concerning genetic variants involved in the development and progression of NAFLD/NASH should be conducted.

Original languageEnglish
Article number858
Number of pages12
JournalMolecules
Volume27
Issue number3
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Feb 2022
Externally publishedYes

Keywords

  • Animal models
  • Gene expression patterns
  • High-fat diet
  • Liver fibrosis
  • Methionine-choline-deficient diet
  • Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
  • Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
  • Signaling pat

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