2D/2D heterostructured photocatalyst: rational design for energy and environmental applications

Two-dimensional/two-dimensional (2D/2D) hybrid nanomaterials have triggered extensive research in the photocatalytic field. The construction of emerging 2D/2D heterostructures can generate many intriguing advantages in exploring high-performance photocatalysts, mainly including preferable dimensionality design allowing large contact interface area, integrated merits of each 2D component and rapid charge separation by the heterojunction effect. Herein, we provide a comprehensive review of the recent progress on the fundamental aspects, general synthesis strategies (in situ growth and ex situ assembly) of 2D/2D heterostructured photocatalysts and highlight their applications in the fields of hydrogen evolution, CO₂ reduction and removal of pollutants. Furthermore, the perspectives on the remaining challenges and future opportunities regarding the development of 2D/2D heterostructure photocatalysts are also presented.