静かなる流出: ポスト3.11における日本人高度人材の豪州への移住

日本 から海外への移住者は増加の一途を辿っている。海外在留邦人は130万人を超え、国外の永住権保持者は2017年に過去最多の48万4150人に達した 。オーストラリアは現在、邦人永住者が世界で2番目に多い国である。日本人の海外移住増加の背景には何があるのか。オーストラリアが移住先として人気の高い国の1つになっているのはなぜか。先進国の高度人材はよりよいライフスタイルを求めて移住するというのが一般的な理解であるが、本研究によれば、2011年3月の東日本大震災と福島第一原子力発電所事故の後に日本を離れた高度人材は、震災後に顕在化した現在および将来のリスクを懸念して移住を決めていた。本稿はインタビューによる詳細な質的調査をもとに、海外移住決定に関するナラティブ（語り）の中から浮かび上がった社会・政治・経済・環境リスクを分析する。この現象を包括的に理解するには今後さらに事例研究を積み重ねる必要があるが、本研究は3.11後の日本からの人材流出には、教育レベルの高い人々の間におけるリスクへの感応性の増大、リスク回避志向性、政治的意識といった幾つかの独自の特徴を内包していることを示唆している。

The number of people immigrating from Japan to other countries is steadily increasing. The number of Japanese nationals living overseas exceeds 1.3 million, and the number of permanent residents overseas reached a record high of 484,150 in 2017. Australia currently has the second largest number of Japanese permanent residents in the world. What is behind the increasing number of Japanese people migrating overseas? Why is Australia one of the most popular countries to immigrate to? Although it is a general understanding that highly skilled workers from developed countries immigrate in search of a better lifestyle, this study found that after the Great East Japan Earthquake and Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident in March 2011, Japan Highly skilled professionals who left Japan had decided to emigrate because they were concerned about the current and future risks that had become apparent after the earthquake. This paper analyzes the social, political, economic, and environmental risks that emerge from the narratives surrounding the decision to migrate overseas, based on detailed qualitative research conducted through interviews. In order to comprehensively understand this phenomenon, more case studies are needed in the future.

It is my understanding that, according to this study, highly skilled professionals who left Japan after the Great East Japan Earthquake and the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident in March 2011 were more concerned about current and future risks that emerged after the earthquake. I decided to emigrate. This paper analyzes the social, political, economic, and environmental risks that emerge from the narratives surrounding the decision to migrate overseas, based on detailed qualitative research conducted through interviews. Although more case studies are needed in the future to comprehensively understand this phenomenon, this research suggests that the post-3.11 human resource exodus from Japan is due to increased risk sensitivity among highly educated people. This suggests that they include some unique characteristics, such as risk aversion, political awareness, etc.