The impact of day-time and night-time endurance exercise on gastrointestinal integrity, functional responses, symptoms, and systemic endotoxin and cytokine profiles - A laboratory controlled mechanistic exploration of circadian variation influences in ultra-endurance athletes.

Ultra Sports Science Foundation Project Grant:
To determine the impact of day-time and night-time exertional stress on: 1) gastrointestinal integrity (i.e., plasma I-FABP and claudin-3), 2) gastrointestinal functional responses (i.e., electrogastrography (EGG), carbohydrate malabsorption, and glucose availability), 3) gastrointestinal symptoms (GIS) (i.e., validated modified visual analogue scale (mVAS)), and 4) systemic endotoxin (i.e., LBP and sCD14) and cytokine profiles (i.e., IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and IL-1ra).