Carbon and water are cycled through the atmosphere, biosphere, geosphere and oceans and strongly influence climate, food supply, and the quality of the environment. International policy is concerned with managing the carbon cycle to stabilise greenhouse gases and to avoid dangerous interference with the earth system. This project will advance our understanding of patterns and processes of these cycles within the Top-end of Australia, which is an underrepresented area and one that has potential for carbon sequestration through land management. We will develop tools for determining carbon and water budgets at high spatial resolution using a combination of observations linked together by a coupled mesoscale/biogeochemical model.