This proposal aims to develop fit-for-purpose mass spectrometry tools for a new generation of roadside and workplace testing of illicit drugs. The technology will be based on nanostructured semiconductor chips that are surface-functionalised to enable molecular capture without extensive sample processing and subsequent detection by a novel combination of techniques. A key advantage will be that the technology will be applicable to saliva, sweat and urine samples. The research will have the support and participation of both an instrument manufacturer and the forensic sector for its ability to enable police to implement current and likely legislation in Australian jurisdictions requiring more frequent roadside testing for illicit drugs.