Understanding the ability of hermaphroditic animals to adapt their sex allocation to suit environmental conditions will pave the way for integration between pure and applied research. Such understanding can provide stakeholders across a range of disciplines natural resource management, aquaculture, conservation) with key information about genetic and environmental influences on the reproduction of many species of significant ecological, economic and social value with this mating system. This research will yield knowledge at the very forefront of evolutionary ecology, enhancing Australia's reputation for research excellence in this field, and further benefit Australian science through the training of young scientists.