Natural medium cyclones (NMCs) are increasingly used for recovering waste coal but experience difficulty in process scale-up, control and optimisation. This project will investigate the fundamentals governing the complex multiphase flow and performance by a combined theoretical and experimental program. Its aim is to develop and validate computer models that can describe the complicated physics and performance of this complicated flow system under different operational, geometry and material conditions. Project outcomes will be used in developing better design and control strategies of NMC processes which are useful for environmental protection and energy efficiency, leading to an improved competitiveness of Australia's coal industry.